Cinnabar

HgS

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Cinnabar, the principal ore of mercury, is a mercury sulfide (HgS) and one of the densest non-metallic minerals, with a specific gravity between 8.10 and 8.20. It crystallizes in the trigonal system, forming rhombohedral, massive, or encrusting habits, and typically develops near volcanic hot springs and fumaroles. The mineral has an adamantine luster, a scarlet streak, perfect prismatic cleavage, and a low Mohs hardness of 2 to 2.5. Its striking scarlet color made cinnabar a prized pigment, known as vermilion, from antiquity onward, though its mercury content renders the raw material toxic to handle. Its high density and perfect prismatic cleavage aid identification where the scarlet color alone would be ambiguous.

硫化汞矿物，呈红色至深红色。是汞的唯一重要商业矿源。

晶系 Trigonal
矿物分类 02 Sulfides and Sulfosalts
莫氏硬度 2.0-2.5
比重 8.10-8.20
颜色 Scarlet red, brownish-red
光泽 Adamantine
条痕色 Scarlet
解理 Perfect prismatic {1010}
断口 Conchoidal to uneven
透明度 Translucent
晶体习性 Rhombohedral, massive, encrusting

莫氏硬度

Mohs Hardness: 2.0 – 2.5
1 Soft10 Hard
Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2–2.5 on the 1–10 mineral hardness scale.
莫氏硬度 Reference Mineral
1 Talc
2 Gypsum
3 Calcite
4 Fluorite
5 Apatite
6 Orthoclase
7 Quartz
8 Topaz
9 Corundum
10 Diamond

晶系

Trigonal
Cinnabar crystallizes in the Trigonal crystal system.
特性 Value
晶系 Trigonal (Rhombohedral)
Axial Relationships a = b = c, α = β = γ ≠ 90°

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the hardness of Cinnabar?
Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2.0-2.5.
What crystal system does Cinnabar belong to?
Cinnabar crystallizes in the Trigonal crystal system.
What color is Cinnabar?
Cinnabar is typically Scarlet red, brownish-red.
What type of luster does Cinnabar have?
Cinnabar exhibits a Adamantine luster.
What is the chemical formula of Cinnabar?
The chemical formula of Cinnabar is HgS.