Olivine

(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.

Olivine is a group of silicate minerals common in Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. The gem variety is called peridot. Olivine is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma.

ระบบผลึก	Orthorhombic
หมวดหมู่แร่ธาตุ	09 Silicates
ความแข็งโมห์ส	6.5-7.0
ความถ่วงจำเพาะ	3.22-4.39
สี	Green, yellow-green, olive green
ความวาว	Vitreous
สีเส้นขูด	Colorless
การแตกเรียบ	Poor
รอยแตก	Conchoidal
ความโปร่งใส	Transparent
ลักษณะผลึก	Granular, prismatic