Garnet (Almandine)
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Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
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The most common garnet species, almandine is an iron aluminum silicate (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3) that serves as a key metamorphic index mineral. It crystallizes in the cubic system, forming dodecahedral or trapezohedral crystals with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, and no cleavage. Colors are deep red, reddish-brown, or black, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 and a specific gravity from 3.93 to 4.32. Almandine belongs to a group that also includes pyrope, grossular, andradite, spessartine, and uvarovite, and its hardness makes it valuable both as a gemstone and as an industrial abrasive. Its conchoidal to uneven fracture and absence of cleavage help separate garnet from the silicates it accompanies in schists and gneisses.
Almandine is the most common garnet species and a key metamorphic indicator mineral. The garnet group includes pyrope, grossular, andradite, spessartine, and uvarovite. Garnets are widely used as gemstones and abrasives.
| Crystal System | Cubic (Isometric) |
| Mineral Class | 09 Silicates |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5-7.5 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.93-4.32 |
| Color | Deep red, reddish-brown, black |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | Colorless |
| Cleavage | None |
| Fracture | Conchoidal to uneven |
| Transparency | Transparent |
| Crystal Habit | Dodecahedral, trapezohedral |
Mohs Hardness
| Mohs Hardness | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
Crystal System
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Crystal System | Cubic (Isometric) |
| Axial Relationships | a = b = c, α = β = γ = 90° |