Fluorite

CaF₂

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The reference mineral for hardness 4 on the Mohs scale, fluorite is a calcium fluoride (CaF2) celebrated for its wide spectrum of colors, whether purple, blue, green, yellow, pink, or colorless. It crystallizes in the cubic system, most often as cubes or octahedra, with a vitreous luster, a white streak, and perfect octahedral cleavage. Its specific gravity ranges from 3.13 to 3.18. Many specimens glow strongly under ultraviolet light, and the phenomenon of fluorescence was in fact named after this mineral. Fluorite serves as a flux in metallurgy and as a source of fluorine compounds. A specific gravity near 3.15 and only moderate hardness set it apart from the harder, denser minerals it accompanies in veins.

Fluorite is known for its wide range of colors and is the reference mineral for hardness 4 on the Mohs scale. Many specimens exhibit strong fluorescence under ultraviolet light — the phenomenon was actually named after this mineral.

Crystal System	Cubic (Isometric)
Mineral Class	03 Halides
Mohs Hardness	4.0
Specific Gravity	3.13-3.18
Color	Purple, blue, green, yellow, colorless, pink
Luster	Vitreous
Streak	White
Cleavage	Perfect octahedral {111}
Fracture	Conchoidal
Transparency	Transparent
Crystal Habit	Cubic, octahedral