Olivine
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(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.
マグネシウム・鉄ケイ酸塩で、地球のマントルに豊富に存在する。黄緑色で、高温環境で安定している。
| 晶系 | Orthorhombic |
| 鉱物分類 | 09 Silicates |
| モース硬度 | 6.5-7.0 |
| 比重 | 3.22-4.39 |
| 色 | Green, yellow-green, olive green |
| 光沢 | Vitreous |
| 条痕色 | Colorless |
| 劈開 | Poor |
| 断口 | Conchoidal |
| 透明度 | Transparent |
| 結晶習性 | Granular, prismatic |
モース硬度
| モース硬度 | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
晶系
| 特性 | Value |
|---|---|
| 晶系 | Orthorhombic |
| Axial Relationships | a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90° |