Olivine
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(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.
El olivino es un grupo de minerales silicatados muy comunes en el manto de la Tierra. Tiene una composición que va desde el forsterita (magnesio puro) hasta la fayalita (hierro puro), y es un componente principal de muchas rocas ígneas.
| Sistema Cristalino | Orthorhombic |
| Clase Mineral | 09 Silicates |
| Dureza Mohs | 6.5-7.0 |
| Gravedad Específica | 3.22-4.39 |
| Color | Green, yellow-green, olive green |
| Brillo | Vitreous |
| Raya | Colorless |
| Exfoliación | Poor |
| Fractura | Conchoidal |
| Transparencia | Transparent |
| Hábito Cristalino | Granular, prismatic |
Dureza Mohs
| Dureza Mohs | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
Sistema Cristalino
| Propiedad | Value |
|---|---|
| Sistema Cristalino | Orthorhombic |
| Axial Relationships | a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90° |