Cinnabar
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HgS
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Cinnabar, the principal ore of mercury, is a mercury sulfide (HgS) and one of the densest non-metallic minerals, with a specific gravity between 8.10 and 8.20. It crystallizes in the trigonal system, forming rhombohedral, massive, or encrusting habits, and typically develops near volcanic hot springs and fumaroles. The mineral has an adamantine luster, a scarlet streak, perfect prismatic cleavage, and a low Mohs hardness of 2 to 2.5. Its striking scarlet color made cinnabar a prized pigment, known as vermilion, from antiquity onward, though its mercury content renders the raw material toxic to handle. Its high density and perfect prismatic cleavage aid identification where the scarlet color alone would be ambiguous.
Cinnabar es la principal mena de mercurio y uno de los minerales no metálicos más densos. Su llamativo color escarlata lo ha convertido en un pigmento apreciado (bermellón) desde la antigüedad. Se forma típicamente cerca de fuentes termales volcánicas y fumarolas.
| Sistema Cristalino | Trigonal |
| Clase Mineral | 02 Sulfides and Sulfosalts |
| Dureza Mohs | 2.0-2.5 |
| Gravedad Específica | 8.10-8.20 |
| Color | Scarlet red, brownish-red |
| Brillo | Adamantine |
| Raya | Scarlet |
| Exfoliación | Perfect prismatic {1010} |
| Fractura | Conchoidal to uneven |
| Transparencia | Translucent |
| Hábito Cristalino | Rhombohedral, massive, encrusting |
Dureza Mohs
| Dureza Mohs | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
Sistema Cristalino
| Propiedad | Value |
|---|---|
| Sistema Cristalino | Trigonal (Rhombohedral) |
| Axial Relationships | a = b = c, α = β = γ ≠ 90° |