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Diagenesis

Post-depositional changes to sediments at low temperature and pressure, including compaction, cementation, recrystallization, and dissolution. …

Acid Mine Drainage

Acidic, metal-rich water produced when sulfide minerals (especially pyrite) are exposed to air and water …

Asbestiform

Referring to minerals that occur as long, thin, flexible fibers, a growth habit that makes …

Remediation

The process of removing or neutralizing contamination from soils or water affected by mining or …

Efflorescence

The formation of a powdery or crusty deposit of salts or secondary minerals on a …

Biomineralization

The process by which living organisms produce minerals, often to form shells, bones, or teeth. …

Bioleaching

The use of microorganisms (especially acidophilic bacteria like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) to extract metals from low-grade …

Authigenic

Describing minerals that formed in place within a sediment or rock, rather than being transported …

Weathering

The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of minerals and rocks exposed at the Earth's surface. …

Oxidation Zone

The near-surface zone of a sulfide ore deposit where primary sulfides have been chemically altered …

Patina

A surface layer formed on a mineral or rock by long-term exposure to air, water, …

Supergene

Referring to processes and minerals formed near the Earth's surface by downward-percolating meteoric water. Supergene …

Hypogene

Referring to minerals or processes originating from deep below the surface, typically involving ascending hydrothermal …

Secondary Mineral

A mineral formed by the alteration, weathering, or metamorphism of a pre-existing primary mineral. Secondary …

Alteration

Mineralogical and chemical changes in a rock caused by hydrothermal fluids, weathering, or metamorphism. Hydrothermal …