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UV Fluorescence Test

Examination of a mineral under shortwave (254 nm) and/or longwave (365 nm) ultraviolet light to …

Magnetic Separation

A physical technique used to separate magnetic minerals (magnetite, pyrrhotite) from non-magnetic minerals using a …

Paragenesis

The characteristic association of minerals that formed together under the same geological conditions, useful for …

Raman Spectroscopy

A non-destructive analytical technique using laser light to identify minerals by their molecular vibration signatures. …

Blowpipe Test

A traditional flame-based field test in which a narrow jet of air is directed onto …

Electron Microprobe

An instrument that bombards a mineral sample with electrons to generate characteristic X-rays, allowing precise …

Type Locality

The geographic location where a mineral species was first discovered and described. Important for establishing …

Thin Section

A slice of rock or mineral ground to 0.03 mm thickness and mounted on glass …

Flame Test

A test in which a mineral is introduced into a flame to identify characteristic colors …

Borax Bead Test

A traditional identification test in which a mineral is dissolved in a molten borax bead …

Locality

A specific geographic site where minerals are found. Famous localities (Tsumeb, Minas Gerais, Dal'negorsk) are …

Dana Classification

An alternative mineral classification system based on crystal chemistry and structure, developed by James Dwight …

XRD

X-ray diffraction, a technique used to identify minerals by their crystal structure. X-rays are diffracted …

Matrix

The host rock in which a mineral specimen is embedded. Specimens on matrix are often …

Acid Test

A simple field test using dilute hydrochloric acid to identify carbonate minerals. Calcite fizzes vigorously; …