Olivine
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(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.
Olivine is a group of silicate minerals common in Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. The gem variety is called peridot. Olivine is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma.
| Кристаллическая система | Orthorhombic |
| Класс минерала | 09 Silicates |
| Твёрдость по Моосу | 6.5-7.0 |
| Удельный вес | 3.22-4.39 |
| Цвет | Green, yellow-green, olive green |
| Блеск | Vitreous |
| Черта | Colorless |
| Спайность | Poor |
| Излом | Conchoidal |
| Прозрачность | Transparent |
| Кристаллический облик | Granular, prismatic |
Твёрдость по Моосу
| Твёрдость по Моосу | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
Кристаллическая система
| Свойство | Value |
|---|---|
| Кристаллическая система | Orthorhombic |
| Axial Relationships | a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90° |