Calcite vs Quartz

Property Calcite Quartz
Формула CaCO3 SiO2
Кристаллическая система Trigonal Trigonal
Класс минерала 05 Carbonates and Nitrates 09 Silicates
Твёрдость по Моосу 3.0 7.0
Цвет Colorless, white, yellow, orange, blue, green Colorless, white, purple, pink, brown, black
Блеск Vitreous Vitreous
Черта White White
Прозрачность Transparent Transparent
Спайность Perfect rhombohedral {1011} None
Излом Conchoidal Conchoidal

Key Differences

  • Calcite (hardness 3) is much softer than quartz (hardness 7) and can be scratched by a copper coin.
  • Calcite effervesces vigorously in dilute HCl; quartz does not react.
  • Calcite has perfect rhombohedral cleavage; quartz has no cleavage and breaks conchoidally.
  • Calcite is calcium carbonate (CaCO3); quartz is silicon dioxide (SiO2).
  • Calcite displays double refraction (birefringence) in Iceland spar crystals; quartz does not.

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