Olivine

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4

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Olivine is a group of silicate minerals common in Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. The gem variety is called peridot. Olivine is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma.

Crystal System Orthorhombic
Mineral Class 09 Silicates
Mohs Hardness 6.5-7.0
Specific Gravity 3.22-4.39
Color Green, yellow-green, olive green
Luster Vitreous
Streak Colorless
Cleavage Poor
Fracture Conchoidal
Transparency Transparent
Crystal Habit Granular, prismatic

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness: 6.5 – 7.0
1 Soft10 Hard

Crystal System

Orthorhombic

Explore on Science FYI

ChemFYI
Magnesium (Mg) Forsterite end-member (Mg₂SiO₄)
ChemFYI
Iron (Fe) Fayalite end-member (Fe₂SiO₄)
ChemFYI
Silicon (Si) Nesosilicate framework
GemFYI
Peridot Gem-quality forsterite olivine

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the hardness of Olivine?
Olivine has a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7.0.
What crystal system does Olivine belong to?
Olivine crystallizes in the Orthorhombic crystal system.
What color is Olivine?
Olivine is typically Green, yellow-green, olive green.
What type of luster does Olivine have?
Olivine exhibits a Vitreous luster.
What is the chemical formula of Olivine?
The chemical formula of Olivine is (Mg,Fe)2SiO4.