Olivine
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(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.
지구의 맨틀에 풍부하게 존재하는 규산염 광물로, 마그네슘과 철을 포함한다.
| 결정계 | Orthorhombic |
| 광물 분류 | 09 Silicates |
| 모스 경도 | 6.5-7.0 |
| 비중 | 3.22-4.39 |
| 색상 | Green, yellow-green, olive green |
| 광택 | Vitreous |
| 조흔색 | Colorless |
| 벽개 | Poor |
| 단구 | Conchoidal |
| 투명도 | Transparent |
| 결정 습성 | Granular, prismatic |
모스 경도
| 모스 경도 | Reference Mineral |
|---|---|
| 1 | Talc |
| 2 | Gypsum |
| 3 | Calcite |
| 4 | Fluorite |
| 5 | Apatite |
| 6 | Orthoclase |
| 7 | Quartz |
| 8 | Topaz |
| 9 | Corundum |
| 10 | Diamond |
결정계
| 특성 | Value |
|---|---|
| 결정계 | Orthorhombic |
| Axial Relationships | a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90° |