Olivine

(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

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A group of magnesium-iron silicates with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, olivine is abundant in the Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in granular or prismatic habits and is transparent with a vitreous luster, a colorless streak, poor cleavage, and a conchoidal fracture. Its green to olive coloration is characteristic, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7 and a specific gravity from 3.22 to 4.39. Olivine is among the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma, and its gem-quality variety is known as peridot. Its granular habit and conchoidal fracture are typical of a mineral that crystallizes early from magma and weathers readily.

Olivine is a group of silicate minerals common in Earth's mantle and in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. The gem variety is called peridot. Olivine is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling basaltic magma.

Sistem Kristal	Orthorhombic
Kelas Mineral	09 Silicates
Kekerasan Mohs	6.5-7.0
Berat Jenis	3.22-4.39
Warna	Green, yellow-green, olive green
Kilap	Vitreous
Gores	Colorless
Belahan	Poor
Pecahan	Conchoidal
Transparansi	Transparent
Bentuk Kristal	Granular, prismatic