Calcite vs Quartz

Property Calcite Quartz
Fórmula CaCO3 SiO2
Sistema Cristalino Trigonal Trigonal
Clase Mineral 05 Carbonates and Nitrates 09 Silicates
Dureza Mohs 3.0 7.0
Color Colorless, white, yellow, orange, blue, green Colorless, white, purple, pink, brown, black
Brillo Vitreous Vitreous
Raya White White
Transparencia Transparent Transparent
Exfoliación Perfect rhombohedral {1011} None
Fractura Conchoidal Conchoidal

Key Differences

  • Calcite (hardness 3) is much softer than quartz (hardness 7) and can be scratched by a copper coin.
  • Calcite effervesces vigorously in dilute HCl; quartz does not react.
  • Calcite has perfect rhombohedral cleavage; quartz has no cleavage and breaks conchoidally.
  • Calcite is calcium carbonate (CaCO3); quartz is silicon dioxide (SiO2).
  • Calcite displays double refraction (birefringence) in Iceland spar crystals; quartz does not.

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